Immagino che come la cheratomia radiale e la chirurgia refrattiva mediante laser (PRK, Lasik, LASEK ecc...), anche la mini Ark possa correggere una miopia e/o un astigmatismo, la precisione con cui li possa correggere sono sicuramente inferiori a quanto consentito dalle tecniche Laser, specie poi se si parla di astigmatismi irregolari e/o di cornee con spessori disomogenei.
In pratica la Cheratomia radiale e quindi la mini Ark agiscono determinando una riduzione della resistenza della cornea lungo l'incisione che conduce ad uno sfiancamento calibrato della cornea periferica e ad un appiattimento della sua porzione centrale (zona ottica). Esistono tavole di conversione che ipotizzando di operare su una cornea con spessori omogenei (meno spessa al centro e progressivamente più spessa in periferia - si passa da spessori di circa 520 micron a spessori di oltre 1000 micron), consentono di legare l'appiattimento centrale della cornea all'esecuzione di un certo numero di tagli, di determinata lunghezza e profondità. Appare ben chiaro come nel caso di cornee irregolari come nel caso di cheratoconi (e questo è tanto più vero quanto più è avanzato il cheratocono), i presupposti su cui poggia la conversione effetto appiattimento/numero tagli, lunghezza e profondità, vengano ad essere stravolti, con un deciso aumento dell'imprecisione dei risultati rispetto alle attese.
Alcuni anni fa ad esempio si è tentato attraverso ablazioni laser eccentriche, di regolarizzare il profilo del cheratocono, tuttavia i risultati non sono apparsi confortanti e tali tecniche sono state accantonate.
Perchè la mini Ark dovrebbe fornire risultati migliori?
Per quanto riguarda l'intervento su cheratoconi stabili, come si fa a definire stabile un cheratocono? Quanti anni di topografie/pachimetrie stabili sarebbero necessari?
Si parla di decine di pazienti operati di mini Ark da anche 10 anni, ho eseguito una ricerca su medline e qui di seguito ho accluso i risultati; nulla di interessante come potete vedere. Se qualcuno riesce a produrre qualche dato scientificamente validato è pregato di postarlo nel forum.
Central corneal haze increased by radial keratotomy following photorefractive keratectomy.
Shoji N, Hayashi E, Shimizu K, Uga S, Sugita J.
Department of Orthoptics and Visual Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science, Kanagawa, Japan.
nshoji@ahs.kitasato-u.ac.jp
PURPOSE: To report a case of central corneal haze induced by minimally invasive radial keratotomy (mini-RK) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and subsequent deep lamellar keratoplasty. METHODS: We report a case (one eye of one patient) of central corneal haze that worsened after mini-RK was performed 2 years following PRK. Four years later, a second PRK was done, myopic regression was subsequently observed, and corneal haze persisted. Deep lamellar keratoplasty was performed and a corneal graft was taken, which was examined by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: In the ablated area, irregularity of the basal membrane and hypertrophy of the corneal epithelium were observed. In the stromal layer, collagen fibers showed disorder in their disposition. Aggregated activated keratocytes were observed. An epithelial plug filling the gap of the RK incision persisted for 6 years after the mini-RK. The RK incision was easily divided when deep lamellar keratoplasty was performed and the patient obtained a stable visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that mini-RK enhancement after PRK induces central corneal haze and reduces corneal integrity. Deep lamellar keratoplasty for refractory corneal haze after refractive surgery was useful in this eye.
Publication Types:
Case Reports
PMID: 14518745 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2: J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998 May;24(5):612-8. Related Articles, Links
Minoxidil-induced alteration of corneal topography after radial keratotomy.
Goins KM, Karp KO, Gabrielian K.
University of Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois 60637-1454, USA.
PURPOSE: To determine the antiproliferative effect of minoxidil on human corneal epithelium (hCE) proliferation in vitro and to assess whether topical minoxidil can significantly alter corneal topography after radial keratotomy (RK) by inhibiting myofibroblast activity in the keratotomy wound. SETTING: Corneal Research Laboratory, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA. METHODS: In the in vitro evaluation, proliferating hCE was exposed to minoxidil (0.1 to 2.0 mM) for 96 hours to determine the minimum inhibitory dose. Human corneal epithelium cell proliferation was assessed by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) into DNA. In the in vivo analysis, eight New Zealand albino rabbits had an eight-incision bidirectional RK on one eye and were divided into two groups. The control eyes (n = 3) received tobramycin and dexamethasone (TobraDex), ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Ciloxan), and balanced salt solution (BSS) drops four times a day for 3 weeks, while the treatment eyes (n = 5) received TobraDex, Ciloxan, and minoxidil 1.0 mM drops four times daily for 3 weeks. The net change in corneal curvature at 3 weeks was analyzed with corneal topography. Myofibroblast activity in the keratotomy wound was assessed using alpha smooth muscle actin staining techniques. RESULTS: At concentrations of 1.0 mM and above, minoxidil caused a statistically significant, dose-dependent reduction in hCE cellular proliferation ranging from 29 to 44% (P < .05). Minoxidil (1.0 mM) caused a statistically significant central corneal flattening effect of 4.66 diopters (D) after RK in the treatment eyes compared with 1.11 D in the control eyes (P = .05). Histologically, minoxidil-treated keratotomy wounds lacked cells with contractile elements consistent with myofibroblast differentiation. Corneal epithelial wound healing was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: At the appropriate dose, topical minoxidil may be a useful adjunctive treatment that can reduce the number of undercorrections after mini-RK without apparent toxicity to the corneal epithelium.
PMID: 9610443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3: Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1997 Sep-Oct;41(5):269-73. Related Articles, Links
Histopathologic comparison of conventional radial keratotomy and minimally invasive radial keratotomy in rabbits.
Er H, Mizrak B.
Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey.
The aim of the present study was to compare conventional radial keratotomy (RK) with minimally invasive RK (mini-RK) in terms of achieved incisional depth as well as the histopathologic changes in the rabbit corneal structures. Four conventional RK incisions were performed on the right eye and four mini-RK incisions were performed on the left eye of 12 Island rabbits using a centripetal cutting technique. The corneas were excised 20 days after the procedure and examined by light microscopy. Histopathologic examination showed that the mean achieved incisional depth (73.47%) in conventional RK was consistent with the intended incisional depth (80%). However, the mean achieved incisional depth (47.28%) was far from the intended incisional depth (80%) in eyes receiving mini-RK. The difference between achieved incisional depth of the two surgical techniques was statistically significant (t = 10.70, P < 0.05). Corneal structural changes and epithelial plug formations were less in eyes in mini-RK than in conventional RK. These findings suggested that the refractive results in mini-RK may be less effective than conventional RK. On the other hand, in the mini-RK group, less epithelial plug formation and limited histopathologic structural alterations may have an important role in preventing long-term overcorrection and corneal rupture after ocular trauma demonstrated in conventional RK technique.
PMID: 9363553 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4: Ophthalmology. 1995 Feb;102(2):297-301. Related Articles, Links
Corneal integrity after refractive surgery. Effects of radial keratotomy and mini-radial keratotomy.
Pinheiro MN Jr, Bryant MR, Tayyanipour R, Nassaralla BA, Wee WR, McDonnell PJ.
Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
PURPOSE: Mini-radial keratotomy (mini-RK) involves limiting the extent of radial incisions to within 3.5 mm from the center of the central clear zone, compared with incisions that extend close to or beyond the limbus, as with "conventional" RK. This study was designed to determine if shorter incision length reduces the likelihood of corneal rupture after blunt trauma. METHOD: Sixteen fresh human anterior segments were divided into four groups and mounted onto an artificial anterior chamber. Four corneas with no incisions were used as controls, four received regular four-incision RK, four received four mini-RK incisions, and four received eight mini-RK incisions. Incisions extended from the 3.0-mm central clear zone to 1 mm inside the limbus (regular RK), or from the 3.0-mm central clear zone to the 7.0-mm mark (mini-RK). A pump slowly infused the artificial anterior chamber with a balanced salt solution while the pressure was continuously monitored with an electronic pressure transducer. The maximum pressure and the site of the rupture were recorded. RESULTS: Control corneas ruptured at the limbus, whereas all surgical eyes ruptured at incision sites. The corneas subjected to mini-RK ruptured at significantly higher pressures than corneas that had undergone regular RK (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Reducing incision length appears to reduce the likelihood of corneal rupture as intraocular pressure is increased. Mini-RK may be advantageous for patients at high risk for ocular trauma.
PMID: 7862417 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5: J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995 Jan;21(1):27-34. Related Articles, Links
Minimally invasive radial keratotomy: mini-RK.
Lindstrom RL.
Phillips Eye Institute Center for Teaching and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Radial keratotomy (RK) is a common surgical technique for correcting myopia. The RK incisions, like any corneal incisions, permanently weaken the cornea and this structural weakening can cause several complications and side effects, including diurnal fluctuation, progressive hyperopic shift, and the potential for traumatic rupture of the keratotomy scars. I describe a new technique--minimally invasive RK (mini-RK)--that reduces the millimeters of cornea incised and present preliminary laboratory and clinical results. In a cadaver eye study, eight short, deep incisions extending from the 3.0 mm optical zone to the 7.0 mm optical zone produced 92% of the efficacy of full-length incisions to the 11.0 mm optical zone. This finding was confirmed by intraoperative surgical keratometry in six patients in whom a 1% increase in central corneal flattening was achieved when incisions were extended from the mini-RK configurations to full length. In a retrospective evaluation of 100 patients with -1.0 to -6.0 diopters (D) of myopia, 92% of eyes were within 1.0 D of emmetropia and 94% had 20/40 or better uncorrected visual acuity. No significant complications were encountered. Mini-RK may be a useful alternative to reduce the invasiveness of RK but retain its efficacy in eyes with low to moderate myopia.
PMID: 7722894 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]